University of Virginia Legal Working Paper Series

University of Virginia John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper Series

 

Patient Enrollment in Medical Trials: Selection Bias in a Randomized Experiment

Anup Malani, University of Virginia Law School

Abstract

Self-selection can bias estimates of treatment effects from randomized experiments if one is interested not merely in the effect of treatment on the treated, but in extrapolating results to the general population. This paper employs the Roy model to study this problem in the context of medical trials. The main insight is that, as the probability of receiving active treatment rises, patients who are less optimistic about new treatment will begin to enroll and estimates of treatment effects will fall. This, in turn, implies that selection bias is positive. These findings are confirmed with data from trials of ulcer medications.

Subject Area

Law and Economics

Recommended Citation

Anup Malani, "Patient Enrollment in Medical Trials: Selection Bias in a Randomized Experiment" (October 2005). University of Virginia Legal Working Paper Series. University of Virginia John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper Series. Working Paper 22.
http://law.bepress.com/uvalwps/olin/art22

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